Mikel Rothenberg says: I'm sure you've heard of the Houston study where they claimed it didn't make a difference....NOT a "clean" study -- very specific patients in one system, and the "no fluid" patients actually got ~ 2000 cc of fluid, by my reading of the article. What Pepe and colleagues HAVE nicely done is to open our minds to our goals -- do we just want a BP of 90 or greater, or do we want optimal tissue perfusion. I know of no evidence, animal or human, that proves that a BP of 90 mm HG assures ideal tissue perfusion. Maybe we can do this with lower/higher pressures -- maybe a lower pressure will work, and reduce active bleeding -- some of the animal data suggests that a mean BP of 40 mm Hg is better for survival than 90 mm Hg....And that's not all -- the critical care literature for years has suggested that there is absolutely no correlation between BP, tissue oxygen delivery, etc......