i. Chloride-responsive vs. Non-chloride responsive
      a. Urinary Cl- < 20 mEq/l means chloride-responsive, which will
         respond to NaCl.  Most alkaloses are in this category and are
         associated with normal or low blood volumes.
         1. Gastric fluid loss
         2. Diuretics
         3. Posthypercapnic
         4. Diarrheal losses of Cl- (congenital or villous adenoma)
      b. Urinary Cl- > 20 mEq/l means not chloride-responsive.  These
         alkaloses are rare, and are associated with normal to increased
         plasma volume.  The problem is volume expansion secondary to
         hyperaldo., severe  K+, or severe  Cl-, + leading to HCO3-
         loss; give plenty of K+, treat with large doses of Aldactone
         (spironolactone) to inhibit the aldo effect.
         1. Conn's disease (primary hyperaldo)
         2. Cushing's syndrome (cortisol has some mineralocorticoid
            effect)
         3. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
         4. Bartter's syndrome (congenital hypertrophy of JGA with 
            renin and inability to reabsorb Cl-)
         5. true licorice ingestion (glycyrrhizic acid is similar to
            aldo)
         6. ? profound K+ depletion with  GFR
      c. Unclassified
         1. alkali administration
         2. milk-alkali syndrome
         3. glucose ingestion after starvation (unknown mechanism)
         4. blood transfusion (citrate)
         5. large doses of penicillin or carbenicillin (cause increased
            excretion of K+ and H+ due to large filtered load of - ions)